Postgres

OverviewCopied!

PostgreSQL endpoints provide a powerful interface for interacting with PostgreSQL databases. These endpoints support a wide range of operations from simple queries to complex transactions, making it suitable for applications requiring advanced database functionality.

Key FeaturesCopied!

• Complete Query Support: Support for all PostgreSQL query capabilities

• Transaction Management: Robust handling of database transactions

• Advanced Data Types: Support for PostgreSQL's rich set of data types

• Prepared Statements: Optimized query execution with parameter binding

• Batch Operations: Ability to execute multiple statements efficiently

API Request StructureCopied!

PostgreSQL API requests follow this general structure:

{
  "kind": "postgres",
  "type": "[operation_type]",
  "[additional_parameters]": "[values]"
}

OperationsCopied!

Simple Query

Executes a simple SQL statement without parameters.

{
  "kind": "postgres",
  "type": "simple",
  "query": "SELECT * FROM users LIMIT 10"
}

Parameterized Query

Executes a SQL query with bound parameters.

{
  "kind": "postgres",
  "type": "query",
  "query": "SELECT * FROM users WHERE age > $1 AND status = $2",
  "params": [
    {"Int4": 18},
    {"Text": "active"}
  ]
}

Query One

Retrieves a single row from the result set.

{
  "kind": "postgres",
  "type": "query_one",
  "query": "SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = $1",
  "params": [
    {"Int4": 42}
  ]
}

Query Optional

Retrieves a single row from the result set, or null if no rows match.

{
  "kind": "postgres",
  "type": "query_opt"
}

Execute

Executes a statement that doesn't return rows (like INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE).

{
  "kind": "postgres",
  "type": "execute",
  "query": "UPDATE users SET last_login = NOW() WHERE id = $1",
  "params": [
    {"Int4": 42}
  ]
}

Batch Execute

Executes multiple SQL statements in a single batch.

{
  "kind": "postgres",
  "type": "batch_execute",
  "query": "CREATE TEMP TABLE temp_users(id INT, name TEXT); INSERT INTO temp_users VALUES(1, 'Alice'), (2, 'Bob');"
}

Typed Query

Executes a query with explicitly typed parameters.

{
  "kind": "postgres",
  "type": "query_typed",
  "query": "SELECT * FROM users WHERE joined_date > $1::TIMESTAMP",
  "params": [
    [{"type": "TIMESTAMP"}, {"value": "2023-01-01T00:00:00Z"}]
  ]
}

Raw Queries

Execute queries with raw binary format results.

{
  "kind": "postgres",
  "type": "query_raw"
}

{
  "kind": "postgres",
  "type": "query_typed_raw"
}

COPY Operations

Supports PostgreSQL's high-performance COPY command.

{
  "kind": "postgres",
  "type": "copy_in",
  "query": "COPY users(id, name, email) FROM STDIN"
}

{
  "kind": "postgres",
  "type": "copy_out",
  "query": "COPY users TO STDOUT"
}

Connection Status

Check connection status and notifications.

{
  "kind": "postgres",
  "type": "is_valid"
}

{
  "kind": "postgres",
  "type": "is_closed"
}

{
  "kind": "postgres",
  "type": "notifications"
}

Prepared Statements

Prepare statements for repeated execution.

{
  "kind": "postgres",
  "type": "prepare"
}

{
  "kind": "postgres",
  "type": "prepare_typed"
}

Cancel Operation

Cancel an ongoing query operation.

{
  "kind": "postgres",
  "type": "cancel_token",
  "query": "query_id_to_cancel"
}

Type Cache Management

Clear the PostgreSQL type cache.

{
  "kind": "postgres",
  "type": "clear_type_cache"
}

Parameter TypesCopied!

PostgreSQL API supports a wide range of parameter types:

Best PracticesCopied!

Performance Optimization

1. Index Usage:

   • Create appropriate indexes for query patterns

   • Use EXPLAIN ANALYZE to verify query plans

   • Consider partial and expression indexes for specific queries

2. Query Efficiency:

   • Use prepared statements for repeated queries

   • Leverage LIMIT and OFFSET for pagination

   • Use batch operations for multiple similar statements

3. Connection Management:

   • Use connection pooling

   • Check connection status before use

   • Properly handle connection errors

Security

1. Authentication:

   • Use strong authentication methods

   • Apply the principle of least privilege to database users

   • Utilize SSL/TLS for connection encryption

2. Data Validation:

   • Always use parameterized queries to prevent SQL injection

   • Validate input before sending to the database

   • Implement row-level security for multi-tenant applications

Error Handling

1. Robust Error Management:

   • Implement appropriate retry logic for transient errors

   • Log database errors with context information

   • Use explicit transactions for operations requiring atomicity

2. Transaction Management:

   • Explicitly manage transactions for related operations

   • Set appropriate isolation levels

   • Implement proper error handling within transactions

Common Use CasesCopied!

• Web application backends

• Geospatial applications (using PostGIS)

• Data warehousing and business intelligence

• Multi-tenant SaaS applications

• Full-text search applications

Related DocumentationCopied!

• PostgreSQL Official Documentation

• PostgreSQL Query Optimization

• PostgreSQL Security Best Practices